Thursday, June 23, 2011



Bloomberg

Gold May Jump to $2,000 as Dollar Declines, Foxhall Capital Says

June 22 (Bloomberg) -- Gold may surge 29 percent to a record as easing concern over Greece's fiscal crisis spurs the dollar to slide amid higher U.S. debt, said Paul Dietrich, chief executive officer of Foxhall Capital Management Inc.
Gold may reach $2,000 an ounce or higher in the next 12 months, Dietrich, who manages $950 million, said yesterday in an interview in New York. The precious metal touched a record $1,577.40 on May 2 amid record-low U.S. borrowing costs and rising government debt.
Prices declined 1.3 percent last month as investors bought the dollar on increased demand for a haven as Greece's budget woes escalated. Before today, the greenback dropped 13 percent against a six-currency basket in the past year.
"I am shorting politicians, and the way you short politicians in Washington is to buy gold," Dietrich said. "When Europeans stop buying the dollar out of fear, people will come to the underlying reality of the dollar, which is we're printing more and more money. The deficits are just going to continue to grow, and the dollar must go down. I can't think of any reason why gold will not go up."
Yesterday, gold futures for August delivery gained $4.40, or 0.3 percent, to $1,546.60 on the Comex in New York. The metal traded at $1,555.80 at 12:31 p.m. today.
Increased Holdings
Last month, Foxhall increased holdings in raw materials and commodity-related securities to 16 percent from 10 percent. Crude-oil prices will climb to $120 a barrel in the next year from about $95 now as rising car sales in China and India boost demand, he said.
The Thomson Reuters/Jefferies CRB Index of 19 raw materials dropped 5.5 percent in May, the first monthly loss since August. The greenback rose 2.3 percent against the six-currency basket, the first gain in six months.
"The fall in commodity prices last month was a good buying opportunity," said Dietrich, who has been an investor since 1986. "At the moment, the dollar is getting some support as people are worried about Greece."
European leaders will discuss Greece's needs at a two-day summit in Brussels starting tomorrow, and finance chiefs will decide on July 3 whether Greece has met conditions for the next aid payment.
China's annual automobile sales may rise to 30 million vehicles in 2015 from 18 million last year, Xinhua News Agency reported last month, citing Dong Yang, deputy executive director of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers.
--Editors: Millie Munshi, Steve Stroth


Read more: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/06/22/bloomberg1376-LN72XS1A74E901-0C285JMM3HNRLB1R1DNLUA4DG8.DTL#ixzz1Pq2uSXXK

Wednesday, June 15, 2011

Gold to Reach $5,000 Due to Supply Shortage: Report (CNBC)


Published: Tuesday, 14 Jun 2011 | 2:16 PM ETxt Size


An exhaustive report by Standard Chartered predicts that gold  will more than triple to $5,000 an ounce because of a lack of supply, not just because of a surge in demand that most bullion bugs cite in their bullish calls.

AP



“There are very few large gold mines set to commence operation in the next five years,” said Standard’s analyst Yan Chen in a report Monday. “The limited new supply comes at a time when central banks have turned from being net sellers to significant net buyers of gold. The result, in our view, will be a gold market in deficit, even assuming flat growth in demand. With the supply-demand balance so out of kilter, we see the gold price potentially going to US$5,000/oz.”
The London-based firm is among the first to focus on the supply-side of the gold equation amid the many bullish forecasts out there on the metal. After analyzing 345 gold mines and 30 copper/base metal gold mines around the globe, the team estimates annual gold production will be just 3.6 percent over the next five years.




“They make a pretty compelling argument, especially when it comes to mine supply,” said Brian Kelly, head of Brian Kelly Capital and a ‘Fast Money’ trader. “Most analysis focuses on demand from China and India, which of course can disappear as quickly as it materialized.”
But that’s unlikely to happen over the next five years as central banks look to further diversify their holdings of U.S. dollars and as emerging countries buy more gold in the aftermath of the global paper currency crisis.


“Currently, only 1.8 percent of China’s foreign exchange reserves is in gold,” wrote Chen and the Standard team in the 68-page report. “If the country were to bring this proportion in line with the global average of 11 percent, it would have to buy 6,000 more tonnes of gold, equivalent to more than 2 years of gold production.”

Beyond the money


The bold call is among the most bullish out there. In a Bank of America/Merrill Lynch survey of global money managers released Tuesday, just about a third of money managers felt gold was overvalued. However, that is the highest reading in that survey in more than a year.
Standard Chartered recommends that clients buy shares of smaller gold miners to get the most upside from its prediction but also said clients could buy physical gold and gold exchange-traded funds.

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John Melloy is the Executive Producer of Fast Money. Before joining CNBC, he was an editor for Bloomberg News, overseeing the U.S. Stock Market coverage team.

Saturday, June 4, 2011

Gold prices may hit $1,800 by year-end (Khaleej Times)


Muzaffar Rizvi

5 June 2011
DUBAI — Gold prices will continue to rise in the foreseeable future and may hit $1,800 an ounce by the end of this year due to its strong demand in India, China and other emerging markets, a top official of Pure Gold Jewellers said.
Pure Gold Jewellers chairman and founder Firoz G. Merchant said investors’ appetite for the yellow metal is on the rise due to its better rate of investment returns in the past couple of years.
He said high oil prices, economic instability in major global economies and a fear of a double-dip recession in Europe and the United States also played a key role in attracting investment in gold that keep its outlook bright in the near future.
‘Asia will be engine of growth in days to come and Middle East countries will lead the recovery in global economies as the higher crude prices will help the regional governments to spend the surplus funds on development and infrastructure projects,’ Merchant told Khaleej Times in an interview.
Pure Gold Jewellers, established in 1989, is one of the fastest-growing jewellery houses in the UAE and GCC countries. The group, which counts a jewellery and accessories line in its portfolio, operates 52 outlets in the UAE and has massive expansion plans in GCC and India.
‘Major European countries are facing difficulties to overcome inflation and debt crisis, Japan is hit by a natural disaster and the United States is also not yet come out of the recession,’ he said, adding that tougher days are still ahead for the US and other Western countries.
He said oil prices maintained an upward trend but its volatile trade has shaken investors’ trust in black gold, leaving no other option for them to invest in the yellow metal.
‘I believe oil prices are going to be out of control and will be stable at $200 a barrel during the next couple of years.’
By late Friday on London’s Intercontinental Exchange, Brent North Sea crude for delivery in July rose to $115.12 a barrel from $114.67 the previous week. On the New York Mercantile Exchange, West Texas Intermediate or light sweet crude for July eased to $99.75 a barrel from $100.35.
‘Amid considering all these situations, investors consider investment in gold a safe bet with a confidence of getting higher profit returns,’ Merchant said. He said gold prices would continue to maintain an upward trend due to higher demand in India, China and emerging markets.
‘Gold prices will be ranging between $1,700 to $1,800 an ounce by the end of this year,’ he said, adding that the prices may be touching the $3,000 mark in three to five years due to strong demand and investors’ faith in the yellow metal.
Gold rose to $1,540 an ounce by late Friday on the London Bullion Market Gold. The metal enjoyed solid gains in recent times garnering support from its status as a safe haven in uncertain economic outlook in major economies of the world.

Business unusual

Merchant said higher gold prices are affecting jewellery demand in the region and encouraging people to invest in diamond jewellery. ‘Gold sales have dropped by an average of 20 per cent while diamond sales have increased by an average of 30 per cent in the first five months of this year,’ Merchant said.
He said the bright outlook for gold boosts demand for diamond jewellery.’ Merchant added that diamond prices are also likely to increase by 25 per cent in 2011. ‘Diamond sales are on the rise as customers are diversifying from gold into diamonds due to its rising prices,’ Merchant said.
In reply to another question about Pure Gold’s business growth in second half, Merchant said, ‘We are expecting better sales and growth in the coming months, as tourism will increase and many holiday seasons are upcoming as well.’
About the expectations from the forthcoming Dubai Summer Surprises, or DSS, he said: ‘We believe it’s too early to say, as we are waiting to hear what the Government of Dubai has planned for the upcoming DSS, only then we will be able to make our predictions.’

Expansion plans

Merchant said Pure Gold’s expansion plan in GCC countries and India is ‘on track,  and expanding our business in the Gulf and India [are] according to the plan.’
The Dubai-based group plans a massive expansion drive in India and across the Gulf states. Under a $200 million investment plan in India to open 200 outlets over a period of five years, the group has so far inaugurated 18 outlets while another seven will be operational in the next three months.
‘We have signed agreements for 25 outlets and these all will be operational in three months.’
About the forthcoming outlets in India, he said the new stores are covering the entire western zone, including Maharashtra and Gujarat. ‘The northern zone is also a part of the expansion plan for India in the near future.’

GCC roadmap

On expansion in GCC countries, the Pure Gold founder said the group plans to explore the Qatar and Saudi Arabia markets. ‘Our first showroom in Qatar will be launched in June. We have a plan to open six outlets by the end of the year,’ he said, adding that the group plans to open five more outlets in the country this year due to the promising economic outlook of the country.
‘Qatar is an important market for us in the region and we are making timely entry in the country where huge investment is being made in infrastructure and development projects.’ He said 15 to 20 new malls are under construction in Qatar and Pure Gold will open 15 outlets in the country during the next three years to tap business opportunities.
In reply to a question about the group’s plan to make a Saudi foray, Merchant said: ‘We are looking for a local partner and have plans to open 25 outlets by 2015.’
‘Saudi Arabia is on the cards for next year,’ he added.
He said Pure Gold has no plan to expand in Kuwait, Oman and Bahrain.
In reply to a question about the group’s plan to expand in the home market, he said Pure Gold has put on hold expansion plans in the UAE.
‘We currently have 52 shops in the UAE and have no plans to open any more in the near future. We want to wait and watch the market conditions before making any moves,’ he concluded.

Wednesday, May 25, 2011

$2,000 Gold Will Come From the East (TMF)




For every investor in the Western world who sells an ounce of gold, picture a multitude of eager buyers in the East who are thrilled by the long-term investment opportunity.
Though not a particularly technical means of understanding the complex dynamics of global supply and demand for gold, that image does illustrate an important aspect of the bullish trend for gold demand that continues to play out on the world's stage.
Much has been made recently of the decision by George Soros to sell the vast majority of his fund's stake in the SPDR Gold Trust (NYSE: GLD  ) during the first quarter of 2011, emboldening the predictable chorus of bubble babble that plays incessantly in the background behind gold's symphony of sustained upward momentum. But while Soros and several other fund managers were busy locking in impressive gains from gold, an incredible surge in gold demand from Asia continues to pave a rising concrete floor beneath long-term gold prices.
The World Gold Council released its quarterly review of global demand last week, which revealed that China's total investment demand surged an astonishing 123% over the prior-year quarter to oust India from the No. 1 position with 90.9 tons of demand. Thanks to a world-dominating market for gold jewelry, India retains the lead for total gold demand, but the growth trend visible from China strongly suggests an imminent ascent to become the world's foremost market for physical gold.
Understanding China's role in the outlook for gold pricesThe persistence of massive budget deficits, loose monetary policy, an unrepentant degree of leverage and derivative exposures within Western financial behemoths, and the U.S. dollar's uncertain future as the world's primary reserve currency ... all of these factors and more combine to ensure that economic developments in the Western world will continue to command the spotlight as fundamental drivers behind gold's ongoing secular bull market.
But to examine the outlook for gold exclusively in those terms is to ignore the central role that Eastern culture, economic trends, and prevailing demographics are each likely to play in subsequent phases of gold's multiyear advance.
Gold's immutable legacy as an enduring store of value is firmly rooted in both cultural traditions: East and West. However, whereas the Western world shifted to an unmistakably negative prevailing attitude toward gold during the 20th century -- devolving ultimately into widespread prejudice against advocates of investment exposure to gold -- China is described by the WGC as sharing a "similar gold culture and heritage" with India. Thus, it may come as no surprise that we are witnessing a much faster cultural reprioritization of gold as a broadly popular investment asset in China than we have observed in the West to date. Indeed, for all the widespread bull-market hoopla surrounding gold, total consumer demand for gold (jewelry and investment demand combined) in the United States actually fell by 3% over the trailing 12 months through March 31, 2011; while in China that demand grew by 37% over the prior-year period.
Buyers of gold in India and China are cognizant of the debt-driven currency distress prevailing in Europe and the U.S., but I believe Western gold observers tend to overlook demand-stoking factors of a more local nature. Excessive rates of economic growth in the East will tend to erode a saver's purchasing power just as surely as the currency impacts of easy monetary policy and bailout boondoggles will do in the West. Wherever one encounters negative real rates of return on cash, there too shall one find a powerful incentive for individuals to look to gold. India's real deposit rate for 2011 is forecast to be more sharply negative than that in the United States, and China remains in negative territory as well despite concerted efforts to apply the brakes to growth.

Saturday, May 21, 2011

Asian Tiger Sinks Teeth Into Gold (Wall Street Pit)

By Frank Holmes May 21, 2011, 1:49 AM Author's Website  
The World Gold Council (WGC) released its quarterly “Gold Demand Trends” report this week and, as always, it was filled with fascinating data on the strength of the global gold market. Gold demand grew 11 percent to 981.3 tons during the first quarter of 2011, worth $43.7 billion at quarter-end’s price levels.
The increase was driven by a significant rise in demand for gold as an investment, up 26 percent from a year ago, as emerging markets look to protect their assets from rising inflation. Demand for gold bars and coins was up 62 percent and 42 percent, respectively.
A slight pullback in prices during the middle of the quarter and “persistent high inflation levels” pushed China into the position as the world’s largest market for gold investment. Chinese citizens devoured nearly 91 tons of gold bars and coins, more than double the amount of a year ago.
This isn’t exactly a new phenomenon in China. From 2007 to 2010, investment demand grew at a compounded annual growth rate of 68 percent, according to the CPM Group. The firm forecasted Chinese investment demand to increase 34.7 percent during 2011 but based on this new data, it may need to adjust its forecast.
Song Qing, director of Shanghai-based Lion Fund Management, told Bloomberg news that, “Gold has taken on a new role in China amid concern about inflation…Just imagine the total wealth in China and even a small percentage of that choosing to buy gold. This demand is going to be enormous.”
The “Love Trade” was also in full swing during the first quarter. Led by India and China, jewelry demand rose 7 percent on a year-over-year basis. Combined, the countries accounted for roughly 67 percent of world total jewelry demand.
For the first time, the demand for gold in China was so strong during the first quarter it outpaced the combined total of the developed West. If you lump together the gold demand of the U.S., France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, the U.K. and other European countries, the sum of these countries is still outpaced by China. That’s despite triple-digit increases in demand from France, Germany and Switzerland.
Asian Tiger Sinks Teeth Into Gold



More....


Saturday, May 14, 2011

Bullish funds slash commodity bets by $17 billion: data (CNBC)


Published: Friday, 13 May 2011 | 5:47 PM ET



By Jonathan Leff and KT Arasu
NEW YORK/CHICAGO (Reuters) - Big hedge funds and speculators cut their bullish bets on commodity markets by $17 billion in the week through Tuesday, the biggest bear turn since at least 2009, regulatory data showed on Friday.
The so-called "managed money" funds cut their overall net long holdings in 22 U.S. futures markets by over 222,000 contracts or 13 percent in the five days ended May 10, according to Reuters calculations based on the Commodity Futures Trading Commission's weekly Commitment of Traders.
The data, based on both futures and options positions, confirm that some big hedge funds, commodity trading advisors (CTAs) and other major speculators dramatically pared back long positions during a week in which prices abruptly collapsed before staging a modest rebound. But it also shows that in some markets, such as oil, the story was more complicated.
The one-week cut in holdings was the largest since 2010, when available data begins. Total fund length still stood at its highest since mid-March at 1.5 million contracts.
"I would view this as a bearish situation. We have a confirmed flow of selling with substantial remaining net long positions that can fuel an ongoing flow of that selling," said Tim Evans, energy analyst at Citi Futures Perspective.
The value of total fund holdings fell to $116.8 billion, less than a third of the total amount of investor capital estimated to be allocated to commodity markets worldwide. Some of that money is in over-the-counter contracts or invested via banks, which are part of a different CFTC group.
Although it is an imperfect gauge, the CFTC data offers the best clues yet as to how traders positioned during the most volatile week in two years.
Crude oil collapsed by $10 on May 5 in a rout that traders are still struggling to explain, taking commodities with them, but then rebounded Monday and Tuesday.
OIL LONGS SLASH $6.5 BLN
The biggest decline in the value of net long positions occurred in the crude oil market, where prices dropped by about 6.5 percent. The New York Mercantile Exchange's U.S. crude oil futures and the IntercontinentalExchange's look-alike contract saw speculators' net long position drop by $6.5 billion.
The notional figure is calculated by Reuters based on the change in the net position from a week ago, multiplied by the contract's value at the end of the period. Because most investors trade commodities on margin, the drop in the value of positions is not directly equivalent to total divestment.
Bullish bets on oil fell to the lowest since late February, when traders were beginning to factor in more geopolitical risk from Middle East instability and war in Libya.
But the drop occurred even as the total open interest -- the number of outstanding futures contracts that haven't been settled -- rose to a record, indicating that more traders were opening positions than were closing them during the week.
While bullish speculators sold long positions actively during the week, bearish speculators also added new short positions, increasing the short interest to the highest since late February. The "swap dealers" category, generally big banks, covered some of their large net short position.
GOLD, SILVER LIQUIDATION
Precious metals also saw heavy selling during the week, although this was more the result of pure long liquidation than traders taking up new short positions.
Long holdings in COMEX gold fell by nearly 20,000 contracts or 10 percent on the week, a reduction equivalent to roughly $3 billion, the biggest drop since last November. Gold futures fell by about 1.5 percent that week.
Net length in COMEX silver, whose deep sell-off from a record high began the previous week, fell by nearly a quarter with funds cutting their bullish holdings by $1.1 billion.
Big hedge funds had actually begun paring positions weeks before prices reached an all-time high of nearly $50 an ounce. At about 19,000 contracts, speculative net length is at its second-lowest since early 2010.
The Chicago corn saw similar positioning dominated by fund managers taking profits. Bullish funds cut their length by some $950 million to take positions to their lowest in six weeks, and near the lowest since the middle of last year. Prices fell by a more modest 1.8 percent.
"They still have a sizable amount and if things don't go their way, there could be more liquidation to come," said grains analyst Mark Schultz at Northstar Commodity Investments Co. in Minneapolis.
Additional CFTC data can be found at or or the CFTC website at http://www.cftc.gov/marketreports/commitmentsoftraders/index.htm
(Editing by Lisa Shumaker)

Monday, May 9, 2011

Gold May Rise to $2,000 as Alternative to Currency, Sprott Says

May 9 (Bloomberg) -- Gold may climb to $2,000 an ounce this year as investors buy the metal instead of holding currencies, said Eric Sprott, chairman of money manager Sprott Inc.

Gold will rise by at least 17 percent this year, Sprott said today in an interview during the New York Hard Assets Investment Conference. The metal averaged $1,228.45 an ounce last year on the Comex in New York and ended 2010 at $1421.40.

"It's gone up 17 percent a year for the past 11 years; I'm sure it will do that as a minimum," Sprott said. "It could easily hit $2,000 this year. That wouldn't be out of the question."

Gold has risen for 10 straight years and reached a record May 2 in New York as demand increased from investors seeking an alternative to the U.S. dollar. Silver has climbed for nine of the past 10 years and reached a 30-year high of $49.845 on April 25.

Sprott has lauded gold and gold stocks for at least a decade, and his company offers products for investors seeking to own precious metals.

Silver prices will rebound and jump above $50 on surging investment demand for the precious metal, which also has industrial and photographic uses.

"I see huge amounts of money moving in the physical silver market, almost as much as gold, so I think the price is going to go up faster than the price of gold," Sprott said. "I suspect we'll be back through $50 not too far from here."

Link

Saturday, May 7, 2011

Harmony CEO sees gold at $1,800/oz (BusinessLive)

05 May, 2011 11:28
Sherilee L Lakmidas
BusinessLIVE

Harmony Gold Mining CEO Graham Briggs sees gold averaging $1,800 an ounce in the company's next financial year.

"We are gold bulls - there is no doubt about that," Briggs told those attending a presentation of the company's March quarter results today. "We think the gold price will go up," he said. This was particularly likely, given the market's sensitivity to various political and financial risks.

Mentioning the death of the world's most wanted man, Osama Bin Laden, Briggs noted the value that this event had wiped off both the gold price and market capitalisations over the past three days.

The gold price has dropped from its heady high of more than US$1,550 on Monday to US$1,523 by mid-morning on Thursday.

Harmony's share price has lost 4.40%, or R4.39, of its value this week. Its peers have also lost ground. Gold Fields has shed 5.35%, or R6.27, a share while AngloGold declined 4.70%, or R15.63, a share.

"We are very optimistic," said Briggs, who predicted that gold would reach $1,500/oz in the company's current financial year.

Harmony reported a 32% quarter-on-quarter jump in headline earnings per share to 91c for the three months to end March from 69c for the December quarter.

The company's earnings were boosted by a tax credit, whereby the SA Revenue Services (SARS) allowed the company to claim capital allowances. This resulted in a R3.33 billion credit for the company.

Production declined 2% to 316,909 ounces from 323,275 ounces in the previous quarter

Link 

Wednesday, April 27, 2011

Update : Gold High $1533 Thursday 4 GMT

Forbes
David Loesser, president of the Estate Planners Group, said he has no questions anymore about the effects quantitative easing has had on markets. Just look at the charts for gold and silver today, and compare it with FX charts for the U.S. dollar.
“There is a negative correlation rate for the dollar versus gold and silver,” Loesser said. Today the dollar began to fall further today after Ben Bernanke’s press conference to 1.47 against the euro and 1.66 against the British pound. Gold and silver both continued to soar upwards, rising 1.4% and 5.6% respectively after the conference commenced.
“Inflation is the big game that the Fed has to deal with,” Loesser said, adding that it is for this reason that the dollar has to contend with the Fed’s easy monetary policy for a period that Bernanke was especially vague about in the press conference today. (Read “Why The Fed Stays Vague On Timing“)
A lower dollar today, down to a point it has not reached since 2008, Bernanke said, is partly due to an unwinding of the safe haven effect that was seen during the height of the global economic crisis. This may be true, but Loesser says there is little compelling evidence that the dollar will begin to head up again, unless it does just for a short rally after QE2 is ended in June.

Wednesday, April 20, 2011

Oil May Hit $150, Gold $2,000: Risk Assessor

Tuesday, 19 Apr 2011 | 5:38 AM ET
By: Antonia Oprita
Web Producer, CNBC.com

Oil prices are likely to hit $150 while gold may go above $2,000 longer term, Nick Bullman, a managing partner at research-based risk assessment service firm CheckRisk, told CNBC Tuesday.
Link



Update: Comex Gold Pokes Above $1,500 Amid Inflation, Geopolitical, Debt Concerns
http://www.kitco.com/reports/KitcoNews20110419AS_comex_update.html

Tuesday, April 12, 2011

Gold to break $2,000/oz barrier (Telegraph)

The price of gold will reach $2,100 an ounce within three years, analysts have predicted.
World's largest solid gold brick
Gold to beak $2,000/oz barrier Photo: AFP/Getty
The price of gold will reach $2,100 an ounce within three years and could rise to almost $5,000 by the end of the decade, according to a new report.
Rising demand for gold in China and India will drive the precious metal's continued bull run, analysts at Standard Chartered, the Asia-focused bank, predicted. They said low interest rates in America and a time lag before mines started supplying more gold would see the rally extend to at least 2014.
"Our base-case forecast is that prices rally to peak at an average of $2,107/oz in 2014, although our modelling suggests a possible ‘super-bull’ scenario of gold prices rallying up to $4,869/oz by 2020, should current relationships between Asian demand and gold persist," the analysts wrote.
The bank said there was a "powerful relationship" between income per head in Asian emerging markets and the gold price.
The report added: "We expect some headwinds for gold to come from higher US [interest] rates, but we find that the impact of higher rates is rather muted and we do not expect this to derail gold’s rally for now," they added. "More important, we believe, will be the impact of higher mine production. We expect a steady acceleration in mine-supply growth in the years ahead, which should overwhelm demand growth beyond 2014. Nevertheless, we expect an extended period of high gold prices."
In a previous report, the analysts had predicted that average income per head in China and India would reach 30pc of the US level by 2030. "Under this scenario, and assuming that the relationship between rising income levels and gold holds, gold prices could reach $4,869 by 2020," the report said.
"On this basis, the bull run for gold could still be in its infancy. This is based on the assumption that the current relationship between gold and incomes persists through to 2020, which is considered possible, but unlikely."
The report concluded: "The bull run in gold is likely to continue for some time, but prices should peak around 2014 as supply finally catches up with demand and US real rates turn positive."